Global honey bee populations are
in decline, putting the world's food supply under pressure. But new
technologies could help beekeepers counter the threat.
You might think of beekeepers as
mere honey producers, but they are part of a growing trade where they lease
their hives to farmers who need bees to pollinate their crops.
The commercial bee industry
provides pollination services worth tens of billions of dollars, and is key to
the production of a huge range of crops, including almonds, broccoli and
apples. California, for example, produces 80% of the world's almonds, and for
that to happen, pollen needs to be transferred between trees. Each year, more
than 2 million bee hives are required to do the job.
Climate change, intensive
agriculture, and the use of pesticides and fungicides in farming is ravaging
the world's bees. Commercial beekeepers in the United States lost 44% of their managed colonies in 2019, according to
research from the University of Maryland.
Now, technology startups are
developing smart devices that give beekeepers access to detailed information
about the state of their hives, aiming to reduce losses and improve bee health.
Among them is Ireland's
ApisProtect, which has just launched a sensor that alerts beekeepers if there
is a problem in their hives.
The small internet-connected
sensor is placed under the roof of the beehive and measures a number of metrics
including temperature, humidity, sound and movement. Data from the sensor is
sent via the cloud to ApisProtect's HQ in Cork, Ireland, where the data is
processed, analyzed and then sent back to the beekeeper.
"Using our device,
beekeepers are going to be able to keep many, many more hives for the same
amount of workers, and the same amount of spend on things like feed and
treatments," says the company's founder and CEO, Fiona Edwards Murphy.
"They're going to be able to dramatically increase the amount of
pollination and honey output that they've got in their operation."
Since receiving $1.8
million in funding from international investors in 2018, the company has been
working with 20 beekeepers
across the United States, Ireland, the United Kingdom and South Africa to
monitor the activity of up to 20 million honey bees.
The information
collected from the 400 smart sensor units is creating a database of global bee
health, powering the algorithms that analyze its data.
Bee tech
With bees in demand for
a booming pollination industry, there are a number of other startups promoting
new technologies, including Pollenity in Bulgaria, Arnia in the United Kingdom
and BeeHero in Israel.
Pollenity was founded in
2015 by Sergey Petrov and has raised $1.2 million in funding. Its Beebot smart
sensor device is aimed at small and hobbyist beekeepers, and it is also working
with six universities from across Europe on an EU-funded research project
called HIVEOPOLIS.
The project aims to
improve the welfare of bees by reinventing hives using a number of
technologies, including a robot bee capable of "dancing" to direct
the hive's swarm.
"The robot bee will
tell the other bees where to go to find nectar and pollen," Petrov says.
"Not only will this direct them to certain fields for pollination but also
navigate the bees away from dangerous areas, like where pesticides are being
used."
Petrov says there are
also plans to build technology to detect whether a bee has been poisoned by
coming into contact with pesticides.
For him, securing the future of the honey bee is one of the world's greatest challenges. "If we don't harvest the technology to work in our favor, we might as well just give up," he says, "and I'm not giving up."
